|
Cuvier's dwarf caiman (''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'') is a small crocodilian from northern and central South America in the alligator family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam and Venezuela. It lives in riverine forests, flooded forests near lakes, and near fast-flowing rivers and streams. It can traverse dry land to reach temporary pools and tolerates colder water than other species of alligator. Other common names for this species include the musky caiman, the dwarf caiman, Cuvier's caiman and the smooth-fronted caiman. It is sometimes kept in captivity as a pet and may be referred to as the wedge head caiman by the pet trade. Cuvier's dwarf caiman was first described by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier in 1807 and is one of only two species in the genus ''Paleosuchus'', the other species being ''P. trigonatus''. Their closest relatives are the other caimans in the subfamily Caimaninae. With a total length averaging for males and typically up to for females, Cuvier's dwarf caiman is not only the smallest extant species in the alligator and caiman family, but also the smallest of all crocodilians. An adult will typically weigh around . Its lack of size is partly made up for by its strong body armour, provided by the bony bases to its dermal scales, which provides protection against predators. Juvenile dwarf caimans mainly feed on invertebrates, but also small fish and frogs, while adults eat larger fish, amphibians and invertebrates, such as large molluscs. This caiman sometimes uses a burrow as shelter during the day and in the Pantanal may aestivate in the burrow in order to stay cool in the dry season. The female buries her eggs on a mounded nest and these take about three months to hatch. She helps the hatchlings to escape from the nest and provides some parental care for the first few weeks of their life. This caiman has a wide range and large total population and the IUCN lists its conservation status as being of "least concern". ==Etymology and taxonomy== Cuvier's dwarf caiman was first described by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier in 1807 as ''Crocodylus palpebrosus'' from a type locality described as "Cayenne". Since then, it has been given a number of names by different authorities: ''Crocodilus (Alligator) palpebrosus'' (Merrem, 1820), ''Jacaretinga moschifer'' (Spix, 1825), ''Champsa palpebrosa'' (Wagler, 1830), ''Alligator palpebrosus'' (Dumeril and Bibron, 1836), ''Champsa gibbiceps'' (Natterer, 1841), ''Caiman palpebrosus'' (Gray, 1844), ''Caiman (Aromosuchus) palpebrosus'' (Gray, 1862) and ''Jacaretinga palpebrosus'' (Vaillant, 1898). Muller, in 1924, and Schmidt, in 1928, were the first to use the currently accepted name of ''Paleosuchus palpebrosus''. No subspecies are recognised.〔 The genus ''Paleosuchus'' contains only two members, ''Paleosuchus trigonatus'', commonly known as the smooth-fronted or Schneider's dwarf caiman, and ''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'', both from South America. ''Paleosuchus'' is distinguished from other caimans in the alligator subfamily Caimaninae by the absence of an inter-orbital ridge and the presence of four teeth in the premaxilla region of the jaw where other species of caiman have five.〔 The genus name ''Paleosuchus'' is derived from the Greek ''palaios'' meaning "ancient" and ''soukhos'' meaning "crocodile". This refers to the belief that this crocodile comes from an ancient lineage that diverged from other species of caiman some thirty million years ago. The specific name ''palpebrosus'' is derived from the Latin ''palpebra'' meaning "eyelid" and ''osus'' meaning "full of". This refers to the bony plates (palpebrals) present on the upper eyelids. Common names include the musky caiman, the dwarf caiman, Cuvier's caiman and the smooth-fronted caiman, although the last of these is also used to refer to the closely related ''Paleosuchus trigonatus''. In the pet trade, it is sometimes referred to as the wedge head caiman.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Baby wedgehead caiman )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cuvier's dwarf caiman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|